There was a further series of more than 30 randomized experiments conducted around the time of the welfare debates of the 1990s. These tested many ideas for improving welfare. What emerged from them was a clear picture: work requirements, and only work requirements, could be shown experimentally to get people off welfare and into jobs in a humane fashion. These experiments were an important input into the decision to make work requirements a central tenet of the new welfare regime when the welfare system was converted from AFDC to TANF in 1996.
In spite of these studies, I suspect that the long-run response of work effort to incentives is high. Imagine two children, one growing up in a household where parents work at low-wage, low-status jobs, and the other growing up in a household that lives primarily on government support. Suppose that the consumption basket of the two households is approximately the same. Do we believe that the child of the parents who work will want to work when he or she grows up?
That said, I recommend the entire essay. Manzi also writes,
if part of the motivation for giving adults income is that they spend it supporting their children, would we really allow parents receiving taxpayer money to spend it any way they want with no requirements for child welfare beyond child abuse laws? And as another, a huge and growing portion of the cost of the welfare state is health care. Suppose we gave every adult in America an annual grant of $10,000, and some person who did not buy health insurance with it got sick with an acute, easily treatable condition. Would we really bar them from any urgent medical care and just say “Tough luck, but it’s time to die”?
I tend to agree that large cash transfers with zero paternalistic oversight is not a likely political outcome.